Thermal water is considered a natural remedy that can help you improve various skin conditions even after the first application, and the effects can persist for several months. Used for over two millennia to soothe and heal the skin, this special type of water is extracted from natural springs located at great depths, where it is enriched with essential minerals such as selenium, zinc, magnesium or calcium.
In dermatology, thermal water is a real adjuvant in the treatment of conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis or redness after aesthetic procedures. Through its anti-inflammatory, soothing and repairing properties, it contributes to the restoration of damaged skin and the maintenance of its natural balance.
If you want to learn more about thermal water, in this article you will discover what it is, how its composition varies depending on the source, and what specific benefits it can bring to your skin. We will also explore how you can properly integrate it into your daily routine, whether you have sensitive, irritated skin, or simply want extra protection.
What is thermal water?
Thermal water is a natural water that comes from deep layers of the earth. You probably knew that, but have you ever wondered what thermal water contains? During the filtration through rocks, this water is loaded with minerals and trace elements beneficial to the skin. Due to its purity and rich composition – which can include zinc, selenium, calcium or magnesium – it is recognized for its soothing, anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties, being frequently used in dermatology and the care of sensitive or damaged skin.
There are numerous specialized studies that highlight the benefits of thermal water. For example, PubMed is a database of scientific articles in the field of dermatology and cosmetics that offers a lot of research in the field. These studies have highlighted the properties of thermal water, including:
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skin barrier repair properties,
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protection from free radicals,
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antioxidant properties,
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anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties,
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proliferative activity,
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regulating the processes involved in skin aging
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moisturizing properties.
Given these numerous benefits demonstrated in clinical studies, below we will develop essential information about thermal water to help you choose it correctly and introduce it into your skin care routine.
Dermatological classification of thermal waters
When you use a thermal water, you may not think that behind that product is a carefully studied composition. Each thermal water comes from a different source and has a unique mineral profile – and that matters for your skin. In fact, the way thermal water is classified says a lot about what the thermal water contains, how it acts on the skin and for what type of conditions or needs it is suitable. Below is a classification that will help you better understand the benefits of thermal waters.
Bicarbonate, sulfurous and saline waters: therapeutic differences
The chemical composition of thermal water determines its therapeutic properties. In dermatology, you can encounter three main types of thermal water, each with specific effects on the skin:
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Bicarbonate waters contain mainly sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium . These are effective for hydrating the skin and increasing elasticity. For sensitive skin conditions, bicarbonate waters offer protection by strengthening the natural self-defense mechanisms.
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Sulfurous waters are rich in sulfur and magnesium , having a remarkable effect on skin regeneration. They also act as natural anti-inflammatory and exhibit bactericidal activity. Due to the hydrogen sulfide content, these waters are particularly effective in treating psoriasis, eczema and seborrheic dermatitis.
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Saline waters (sodium chloride) contain calcium, magnesium, iodine and bromine , providing skin protection by strengthening the skin barrier. In addition, these waters have a strong antioxidant effect, being recommended for inflammatory skin conditions.
Classification by temperature: cold, homeothermic, hyperthermal
Temperature is a fundamental property that influences the effectiveness of thermal water in dermatological applications. According to the official classification, thermal waters are divided into:
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Cold waters with a temperature below 20°C
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Hypothermal waters between 20-30°C or 20-31°C
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Homeothermic waters between 30-40°C or 32-38°C (also called thermal)
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Hyperthermal waters between 40-50°C or above 38°C
You're probably wondering why the temperature of thermal water is important? Because temperature directly influences the absorption of minerals by the skin.
For example:
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Hyperthermal waters , having high temperatures, dissolve minerals in greater quantities than water sources at normal temperatures. Thus, when you apply hyperthermal thermal water to your skin, you get a higher concentration of beneficial minerals such as calcium and lithium.
During a bath with sulfurous thermal water at a high temperature (38-60°C), the skin pores open, allowing optimal absorption of minerals through the skin, improving circulation and oxygenation of internal organs.
The role of fixed residue in dermatological efficacy
What is fixed residue? Fixed residue is one of the most important parameters in the classification of thermal waters for dermatological use and represents the totality of organic and inorganic substances dissolved in water, stable at a certain temperature. Depending on this parameter, mineral waters are classified into:
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Water with medium mineralization: 1-15 g/L
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Concentrated mineral waters: 15-35 g/L
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Highly concentrated mineral waters: 35-150 g/L
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High concentration mineral waters: over 150 g/L
Keep in mind one very important aspect - in dermatology, the choice of thermal water directly depends on the concentration of salts.
For example:
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Thermal water used in cosmetics is often hypertonic . The optimal level of mineralization allows for effective absorption into the skin without leaving residue or causing irritation.
Therefore, when looking for the best thermal water for your dermatological problems, check the fixed residue, as this indicates the concentration of beneficial minerals that will act directly on your skin condition.
Chemical composition of thermal water and pharmacological effects
Each drop of thermal water is a true natural laboratory, containing a complex mineral composition that varies depending on the specific geology of the region it comes from. The composition and concentration of these substances determine the therapeutic and pharmacological properties of the thermal waters.
Zinc, selenium and manganese: anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects
The zinc in thermal water plays an essential role in reducing skin irritations, being particularly effective against diaper rash in babies. It contributes to:
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cell regeneration
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It has strong anti-inflammatory properties, helping to strengthen the skin's natural self-defense mechanisms.
Selenium , present in many thermal waters, acts as a powerful antioxidant, protecting your skin against the harmful effects of free radicals. Clinical studies show that selenium-rich thermal water can:
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reduces the production of free radicals by up to 34%, thus slowing down the skin aging process.
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contributes to strengthening fragile blood vessels, reducing the appearance of telangiectasias.
Manganese complements the action of these minerals through its bactericidal effect against Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterium frequently detected in atopic dermatitis. Indeed, in clinical studies, both manganese and selenium have demonstrated the ability to modulate the immune response in various skin conditions, including atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.
Sulfur and silicon: action on atopic dermatitis and psoriasis
Sulfur is one of the most important components of thermal waters used in dermatology, being known for:
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its anti-inflammatory effects,
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antifungal effects
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antibacterial effects.
Hydrogen sulfide present in these waters is the only sulfur compound that is absorbed into the body through the skin, lungs, and digestive tract.
Why is sulfur so popular in dermatology? Recent research shows that sulfur can inhibit, in a dose-dependent manner, T-cell proliferation and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-2, IL-8, IL-23, IL-17, and interferon (IFN)-γ. Thus, when you apply sulfur thermal water to psoriasis lesions, you benefit from reducing inflammation and improving the appearance of psoriatic plaques.
Silicon has the following benefits:
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stimulates the production of collagen and elastin,
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helps improve skin elasticity
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The combination of silicon with sulfur in thermal waters creates a synergistic effect that is particularly beneficial for skin affected by psoriasis or atopic dermatitis.
Strontium and calcium: soothe irritation and restore the skin barrier
Strontium, although a lesser-known mineral, plays an important role in:
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alleviating sensations of skin discomfort.
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It works synergistically with calcium to soothe irritated skin and reduce the itching or burning sensation characteristic of many dermatological conditions.
Calcium contributes fundamentally to:
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strengthening the skin barrier, essential for skin health
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strengthening the bonds between skin cells, reducing transepidermal water loss
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improves skin resistance to environmental stressors.
Minerals such as calcium and magnesium, present in thermal water, actively participate in the process of cellular renewal, stimulating cells to use their own resources.
These minerals, along with other trace elements such as potassium and magnesium, improve the skin's barrier function, which is particularly important when the skin barrier is affected by factors such as sun exposure, strong wind, low temperatures or the use of aggressive care products.
Therefore, thermal water has multiple and specific benefits, depending on what it contains. Each mineral and trace element has a special role in maintaining skin health, from anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, to restoring the skin barrier. Therefore, when you use the thermal water spray, you apply to your skin a real cocktail of active substances with scientifically proven therapeutic effects.
How is the dermatological effectiveness of thermal water tested?
To understand the therapeutic value of thermal waters in dermatology, scientific testing methods play a crucial role in assessing their efficacy and safety. Laboratory research and clinical trials provide concrete evidence of the real benefits you can obtain when using these products.
In vitro methodology for the assessment of IL-6 and IL-17 cytokines
First, laboratory testing of thermal waters focuses on measuring effects on pro-inflammatory cytokines. Recent studies have shown that thermal waters can significantly inhibit the inflammatory process in the skin, as measured by reducing levels of IL-6 and IL-17A. These cytokines are important markers of inflammation in many dermatological conditions.
To assess anti-inflammatory effects, researchers use:
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Cell cultures from human skin cells exposed to thermal water
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Testing cytokine levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods
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Comparative measurement between treated and untreated samples
The results obtained show that certain thermal waters significantly inhibit the inflammatory process in the skin by modulating cytokine production. It was also observed that polybacterial lysates induce dendritic cell maturation and cytokine production with an important role in regulating the immune response.
Clinical studies on patients with atopic dermatitis and acne
The effectiveness of thermal waters in dermatology is tested through rigorous clinical protocols. A relevant example is the clinical study conducted and coordinated by Prof. Dr. Călin Giurcăneanu, President of the Romanian Society of Dermatology, which demonstrated the anti-inflammatory properties of the thermal water from Herculane.
The standard methodology includes:
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Recruitment of patients with atopic dermatitis or acne, with active symptoms
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Controlled application of thermal water to affected areas
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Evaluation of clinical parameters: redness, edema, temperature and discomfort
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Monitoring progress over several weeks of treatment
Patients under medical supervision reported a reduction in stinging, burning, and pain immediately after applying thermal water.
Another important source of thermal water with curative properties in Romania is that of Băile Felix. At Skinseen you can test its remarkable benefits through the product from the Synergy Therm range - Baile Felix Thermal Water . It is sprayed whenever you feel the need and provides a feeling of freshness, hydrating and protecting the skin throughout the day.
Therefore, clinical studies confirm laboratory observations and establish effective protocols for the use of thermal waters in dermatological practice.
How do you use thermal water for skin conditions?
The practical applications of thermal water in skin conditions demonstrate the value of this natural element beyond scientific theories. When you use thermal water regularly, the benefits become evident through visible results on the skin.
Reducing inflammation in seborrheic dermatitis and lichen planus
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Seborrheic dermatitis, characterized by whitish, oily or dry scales, responds well to treatment with thermal water due to its anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties. When you apply thermal water to the areas affected by this condition, its soothing properties reduce redness and inflammation, relieving discomfort.
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In the case of lichen planus , a non-infectious and inflammatory skin condition, thermal water can help control rashes.
The purifying effect and antioxidant properties of thermal water are particularly valuable for those with chronic dermatological problems. Regular application to affected areas helps balance the skin's natural pH, thus protecting it against aggressive external factors that can aggravate these conditions.
Accelerate healing in sunburns and minor injuries
In the case of sunburn , thermal water, used in the form of a spray, will:
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quickly soothes irritated skin
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provide an immediate calming and comforting effect
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reduces pain and redness
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accelerate the healing process
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reduces the risk of skin peeling
For minor skin lesions, thermal water applied in the form of compresses or spray contributes to:
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faster tissue regeneration.
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reducing inflammation
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soothing irritations
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healing and repairing the skin through natural processes
Effective in soothing itching and sensitive skin
For sensitive or irritated skin, thermal water offers an immediate solution by:
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Soothing itching caused by various skin conditions
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Reducing skin sensitivity and discomfort
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Providing an immediate cooling and hydrating sensation
Additionally, after cosmetic procedures such as epilation or shaving, the skin can become irritated and itchy. Therefore, applying thermal water will reduce these sensations of discomfort and itching, providing an immediate sensation of soothing and velvety softness.
Minerals such as selenium and zinc, present in many thermal waters, have powerful soothing effects, being particularly beneficial for sensitive or irritated skin.
Can thermal water be used over makeup?
Thermal water for the face is not only indicated after removing makeup. It is also recommended when wearing foundation. Thermal water can be lightly sprayed over makeup to:
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to provide a feeling of freshness, especially on hot days,
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to set makeup, reducing the appearance of "powder" or dryness,
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to discreetly moisturize the skin throughout the day without ruining makeup.
Practical recommendations:
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Use a fine spray from a distance (20–30 cm) to avoid wetting the face too much.
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Avoid wiping it after application – let the thermal water dry naturally or dab gently with a tissue.
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Opt for thermal waters with medium mineralization, well tolerated by the skin.
When is it not advisable to use thermal water?
Although thermal water offers numerous dermatological benefits, there are situations in which its use requires caution or even complete avoidance.
Risks in patients with hyperreactive skin or allergies to minerals
If you have extremely sensitive skin, you should be careful when applying thermal water. Certain adverse reactions, although rare, may occur in people with hyperreactive skin or allergies to specific mineral components.
These include skin irritations that manifest as:
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redness,
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swelling,
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itching, especially in people with increased sensitivity.
Although the zinc and selenium present in thermal water generally have beneficial effects, some people may develop sensitivity to these mineral compounds.
Also, inhaling thermal water vapor can cause irritation of the mucous membranes in susceptible individuals. If you suffer from severe eczema or extensive plaque psoriasis, applying thermal water can worsen the condition due to damage to the skin barrier.
Furthermore, if you have thyroid conditions, it is recommended to avoid exposure to sulfurous waters without medical supervision, as they can cause adverse reactions.
Contraindications in case of open wounds or active infections
Thermal water is contraindicated in acute dermatological conditions such as severe sunburn, open wounds or serious irritations. Specialists recommend postponing use until they have healed, as applying it to open wounds can promote the development of infections.
People with active skin infections should also avoid thermal water treatments, as they can spread the infection or make it worse. If you have conditions such as angina, high blood pressure, or epilepsy, consult your doctor before using thermal water products.
For pregnant women who wish to use thermal water, it is recommended to seek medical advice. Hot baths are completely contraindicated during pregnancy, as they can cause hyperthermia leading to health problems for the fetus, miscarriage or premature birth.
In conclusion, although thermal water can improve the symptoms of many skin conditions, it is not a standalone treatment. Before starting its use, especially if you suffer from chronic conditions, it is essential to obtain the approval of a specialist.
Conclusion
In conclusion, thermal water is much more than a simple cosmetic ingredient. With its composition rich in minerals and trace elements, this gift of nature offers multiple benefits for the health of your skin. As you have discovered throughout this article, each mineral component - zinc, selenium, sulfur, silicon or strontium - contributes to the remarkable therapeutic effects.
Thus, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of thermal water make it a valuable ally against skin conditions such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis or acne. Moreover, its soothing and regenerating effects are scientifically proven through rigorous laboratory studies and clinical research.
However, it is essential to keep in mind the limitations of using thermal water, especially if you have hyperreactive skin or suffer from certain allergies. Although the benefits are obvious for most people, adverse reactions can occur in specific cases.
Therefore, choosing the right type of thermal water directly depends on your skin's needs and the specific conditions you want to treat. Without a doubt, including thermal water in your daily care routine can be an important step towards healthier, more hydrated and more resistant skin to stress factors. Remember that your skin deserves the best care, and thermal water, with its mineral richness, is a natural solution tested over time.
FAQ
1. What is thermal water, actually?
Thermal water is a natural water from deep layers of the earth, rich in minerals and trace elements such as zinc, selenium, magnesium or calcium. It has soothing, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, being frequently used in the care of sensitive or damaged skin.
2. For what dermatological conditions is it recommended?
Thermal water is effective in atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, eczema, seborrheic dermatitis, irritations, sunburns, minor injuries and reactive skin after cosmetic procedures. It can soothe itching, reduce inflammation and support skin regeneration.
3. Are all thermal waters the same?
No. Thermal waters differ in chemical composition, source temperature, and fixed residue (mineral content). For example, sulfurous waters are excellent for treating psoriasis, and bicarbonate waters are suitable for hydrating sensitive skin.
4. How do I choose the most suitable thermal water for my skin?
Choose according to your skin needs:
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For sensitive skin – low-mineral or bicarbonated waters.
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For inflammatory conditions – sulfurous waters or waters rich in zinc and selenium.
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For regeneration – water with calcium, silicon and manganese.
Also check the fixed residue on the label: moderate mineralization is ideal for daily use.
5. How to apply thermal water correctly?
Spray from a distance of 20 cm, leave on for 1–2 minutes, then gently blot the excess with a clean tissue. Can be used morning, evening or whenever skin feels the need for soothing or freshness.
6. Are there any contraindications to using thermal water?
Yes. People with hyperreactive skin or allergies to certain minerals may experience reactions such as redness, itching or discomfort. Avoid application to open wounds, active infections or in case of severe sunburn. Consult a dermatologist if you have chronic conditions or are pregnant and want to take thermal baths.
7. Does thermal water replace other care products?
No. Thermal water is a valuable adjuvant, but it does not replace treatment or moisturizing products. It is integrated into the care routine to soothe, protect and support skin health.