Lactic acid. When you read these words, you may not think of a product for skin care and health. But, you will be surprised to learn, if you didn't already know, that lactic acid is a very valuable ingredient for any woman's skin and has multiple benefits for the skin. That's why, in this article, we proposed to address all the information that currently exists about lactic acid and its use in the cosmetics industry.
What is lactic acid?
Lactic acid, the essential component in skin care, is an alpha-hydroxy acid that finds its place in numerous cosmetic treatments, from exfoliants to serums and moisturizing creams. Being milder than glycolic acid , lactic acid is an ideal chemical exfoliant for improving skin texture and brightening the complexion. Known for its ability to stimulate cell regeneration and improve hydration levels, lactic acid is an effective solution both for preventing signs of aging and for treating specific problems, such as acne or pigment spots.
But let's also talk in specialized terms, to understand much better what lactic acid is.
Lactic acid, also known as lactate, is an organic compound naturally present in the human body and in certain foods. It is one of the most popular alpha-hydroxy acids (AHA) and is frequently used in the cosmetic industry due to its exfoliating and moisturizing properties. Lactic acid plays an essential role in various biochemical processes, including energy metabolism.
Lactic acid. Chemical properties
Lactic acid is made up of small molecules, which allows it to effectively penetrate the skin, thus contributing to reducing the appearance of fine lines and wrinkles. Although its molecule is larger compared to other AHAs, such as glycolic acid, lactic acid acts predominantly on the surface of the skin, minimizing the risk of disrupting the skin's pH. This aspect is crucial for maintaining a healthy hydration barrier and a balanced skin flora. The lower concentrations of lactic acid are effective in maintaining the correct pH of the skin, between 5 and 5.5, essential for the natural protection of the skin.
Lactic acid is also recognized for its keratolytic properties at higher concentrations, weakening the bonds between the corneous cells of the upper layer of the skin and favoring the gentle removal of dead cells. Through these actions, lactic acid not only improves skin texture, but also helps prevent inflammation and impurities, contributing to a cleaner and brighter complexion.
History of using lactic acid for skin
Now that you know the definition of lactic acid, let's go back in time to find out when it was discovered as a miracle ingredient for the skin.
Cleopatra and sour milk
The use of lactic acid for cosmetic purposes has deep roots in history, best exemplified by Cleopatra, the queen of Ancient Egypt. It is well known that she improves the appearance of her skin by bathing in sour donkey milk, a natural source of lactic acid. These baths not only left the queen's skin soft and young, but also exfoliated the superficial layer of the skin, leaving behind a flawless complexion. Although the use of crocodile excrement and other unusual ingredients has also been attributed to Cleopatra, their effectiveness is debatable compared to the proven effects of lactic acid.
Lactic acid. The evolution of use in cosmetics
Since the 1990s, the use of lactic acid in skin care products has gained new momentum due to advances in extraction and purification technology. These advances have allowed the production of lactic acid at concentrations and purities suitable for cosmetic use, making it a popular ingredient in many chemical peel formulas and moisturizing products. Lactic acid is valuable not only for its exfoliating properties, but also for its ability to maintain an optimal skin pH and contribute to a healthy hydration barrier.
Lactic acid peels are now available in various concentrations, suitable for use both in specialized clinics and at home, offering multiple benefits for different skin types, including dry or sensitive ones. These treatments help gently cleanse the skin of dead cells and stimulate regeneration, while maintaining healthy skin flora and natural pH balance.
Lactic acid. Skin benefits
Lactic acid, an alpha-hydroxy acid (AHA) recognized in the cosmetic industry, acts through a complex mechanism that benefits the skin in several ways. Lactic acid plays an essential role in maintaining the health and youthful appearance of the skin, through intense hydration and effective exfoliation.
Lactic acid - Skin hydration
Lactic acid is a vital component of the skin's natural moisturizing factor, a mixture of compounds that help the skin retain moisture. Through its small molecular structure, lactic acid easily penetrates the skin, where it binds to water molecules, providing intense hydration. This process not only helps to maintain an optimal level of hydration, but also contributes to strengthening the skin barrier. By preventing the loss of moisture, with the help of lactic acid, the skin remains hydrated and healthy, its appearance being visibly improved.
Lactic acid - Exfoliation of dead cells
One of the most appreciated effects of lactic acid is its ability to exfoliate. This AHA helps to remove dead cells from the surface of the skin by weakening the bonds between them. Through this gentle exfoliation process, lactic acid not only improves the texture of the skin, but also evens out the skin color, reducing dark spots and brightening the overall appearance of the skin. Also, exfoliation with lactic acid helps to open the pores and prevents the accumulation of sebum and bacteria, thus reducing the risk of acne and other dermatological problems.
Regular use of products containing lactic acid can transform the skin's appearance, giving it a smoother and brighter appearance, while maintaining a healthy balance of hydration and protection. These properties make lactic acid a basic ingredient in many cosmetic formulas, from chemical peels to moisturizing lotions, all aimed at improving the health and appearance of the skin.
Lactic acid - Improvement of skin texture
Through gentle exfoliation, lactic acid helps to remove dead cells from the surface of the skin, leaving the skin brighter and more even. This action contributes to uniform skin tone and improving its texture. Regular use of products with lactic acid can lead to the fading of imperfections and a radiant complexion. Also, by dissolving dead skin cells, lactic acid helps open pores and prevents the accumulation of sebum and impurities, thus reducing the risk of acne and other dermatological problems.
Lactic acid - Reduction of wrinkles and fine lines
Lactic acid stimulates the production of collagen, essential for maintaining the firmness and elasticity of the skin. By improving the level of hydration and effective exfoliation, lactic acid contributes to the visible reduction of fine lines and wrinkles. Its moisturizing properties help to maintain skin hydration, giving it a fresh and well-groomed appearance. In addition, lactic acid can help fade dark spots and even out skin tone, giving it radiance and a younger appearance.
Lactic acid - Acne treatment
Due to its exfoliating and anti-inflammatory properties, lactic acid is an effective ingredient in unblocking pores and preventing acne. Gentle exfoliation removes dead cells and accumulated impurities, contributing to a cleaner and brighter complexion. Also, lactic acid possesses anti-inflammatory properties, which are beneficial in calming the irritations and redness associated with various skin conditions. Thus, lactic acid can help reduce inflammation and improve symptoms associated with various dermatological problems, including acne. The use of this acid on sensitive skin is also possible due to its gentle and effective action.
These properties make lactic acid a basic ingredient in many cosmetic formulas, from chemical peels to moisturizing lotions, all aimed at improving the health and appearance of the skin. By regularly using products containing lactic acid, you can transform the appearance of your skin, giving it a smoother and more radiant appearance, while maintaining a healthy balance of hydration and protection.
Use of lactic acid on skin types
Next, we will present how you can use lactic acid depending on the type of skin you have
Lactic acid for sensitive skin
Lactic acid is prized for its gentle exfoliation compared to other alpha-hydroxy acids , such as glycolic acid, making it an ideal option for those of you with sensitive skin. It is recognized for its exfoliating and moisturizing properties, but also for its ability to attract and retain moisture in the skin, keeping it well hydrated. However, it is important to be careful, because lactic acid can cause stinging or irritation, especially during the first uses. It is recommended to start with low concentrations and observe the skin reaction before increasing the frequency or concentration.
Lactic acid for dry skin
The moisturizing properties of lactic acid make it an excellent choice for dry skin. It helps retain water in the skin, preventing dehydration and maintaining an optimal level of hydration. Through the regular use of products containing lactic acid, you will notice an improvement in the texture of the skin, making it smoother and brighter. Also, lactic acid helps to strengthen the skin barrier, thus contributing to maintaining its health and vitality in the long term.
Lactic acid for acne-prone skin
Lactic acid is effective in treating acne-prone skin due to its exfoliating and anti-inflammatory properties. It helps unblock pores and reduce skin rashes by effectively removing dead cells from the skin's surface. The anti-inflammatory properties of lactic acid are beneficial in soothing redness and irritation associated with various dermatological problems, including acne. The regular use of lactic acid can contribute significantly to obtaining a cleaner and brighter complexion, reducing inflammation and preventing the recurrence of acne.
Products containing lactic acid
Serums and creams with lactic acid
Serums and creams containing lactic acid are often formulated to provide multiple benefits to the skin, including intense hydration and improved texture. They exfoliate the skin, but also limit the signs of inflammation and sensitivity. These products with lactic acid, sometimes combined with hyaluronic acid, are ideal to be used in the evening, to minimize the potential negative effects caused by exposure to the sun, and it is essential to apply a sunscreen cream in the morning to protect the skin.
Chemical peels with lactic acid
Chemical peels with lactic acid are designed for deep exfoliation and are available in various concentrations. They help to intensify hydration and give a healthy glow to the skin. These treatments are usually recommended for use in the evening routine and no more than three times a week, followed by the application of adequate sun protection if used during the day.
Cleaning products with lactic acid
Lactic acid cleansing products are effective for daily use, offering gentle exfoliation that does not irritate the skin. They are especially useful for dry or rough skin, as lactic acid helps to remove dead cells and promote a smooth texture. It is important to avoid the eye area when using these products, as they can be irritating to delicate skin. You should start with low concentrations of lactic acid to allow the skin to adapt, gradually increasing the concentration if no adverse reactions occur.
Lactic acid. Risks and possible adverse effects
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Sun sensitivity
The use of lactic acid can increase the sensitivity of the skin to the sun, because it removes dead skin cells, leaving the new layer exposed to UV rays. It is crucial to use a broad-spectrum sunscreen and a Daily high SPF , even on cloudy days. This precaution is necessary to prevent sunburn and other harmful effects of the sun, which can negate the benefits of lactic acid, such as its ability to fade blemishes and reduce wrinkles. Sun sensitivity may persist for up to four weeks after stopping the use of lactic acid products.
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Skin irritations
Although lactic acid is considered milder compared to other alpha-hydroxy acids, its use can still cause skin irritation, especially in people with sensitive skin. Common symptoms include redness, burning, itching and dryness. It is important to perform a skin test before starting regular use of lactic acid products and to start with lower concentrations to assess skin tolerance. If symptoms of irritation persist at a moderate or severe level, or if swelling or rashes appear, it is essential to immediately stop using the product and consult a dermatologist. These reactions may indicate an increased sensitivity to the active ingredients in the product.
Tips for the correct use of lactic acid
In order to benefit to the maximum from the properties of lactic acid and to avoid possible adverse effects, it is essential to follow some basic tips in its use.
Lactic acid tolerance testing
Before starting regular use of products containing lactic acid, it is important to test your skin's tolerance. Apply a small amount of product on a discreet area of the skin, preferably on the forearm. Let the product act according to the instructions, then rinse. Monitor the skin reaction for at least 24 hours. If there are no signs of irritation, such as redness, itching or burning, you can continue using the product on larger areas.
Frequency of lactic acid application
The frequency with which you apply lactic acid products depends on the type of skin and the concentration of the acid in the product. Start with sporadic applications, for example, once a week, and observe how the skin responds. If your skin tolerates the treatment well, you can gradually increase the frequency of lactic acid applications. For sensitive or dry skin, it is recommended to maintain a reduced frequency to prevent dehydration and irritation.
By following these tips, you will maximize the benefits of lactic acid for the skin, while maintaining its health and comfort.
What you need to remember
Exploring the essential role that lactic acid plays in skin care, you discovered through this article the multiple benefits that this alpha-hydroxy acid offers, including intensive hydration, effective exfoliation and improvement of skin texture. Whether we are talking about the prevention of signs of aging, the treatment of dermatological problems such as acne or the evening out of skin tone, lactic acid proves to be a reliable ingredient capable of bringing significant improvements. With correct use and adapted to the needs of each skin type, its benefits can be maximized, leaving behind a brighter and healthier complexion.
However, it is essential to apply with caution and to remain attentive to possible sensitivities or reactions of the skin, taking into account the recommendations regarding sun protection to prevent the harmful effects of exposure to the sun. Looking to the future, the continuation of research and innovation in the use of lactic acid promises the discovery of new care possibilities, opening the way to even more effective solutions for the health and beauty of the skin. Thus, lactic acid remains a valuable component in the field of cosmetics, offering the possibility of keeping our skin radiant and young.